GIS stands for Geographical Information System
भौगोलिक सूचना प्रणाली ഭൂവിവരവ്യവസ്ഥ
புவியியல் தகவல் முறைமை 地理信息系统 ভৌগলিক তথ্য ব্যবস্থা سیستەمی زانیاریی جوگرافیایی
سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی Ģeogrāfiskā informācijas sistēma Sistema informativo territoriale භූගෝලීය තොරතුරු පද්ධති
نظم المعلومات الجغرافية Geoinformationssystem
Sistema de informação geográfica Coğrafi bilgi sistemi
ระบบสารสนเทศภูมิศาสตร์ 지리 정보 시스템
ระบบสารสนเทศภูมิศาสตร์ 지리 정보 시스템
Σύστημα Γεωγραφικών Πληροφοριών Geoinfosüsteem מערכת מידע גאוגרפית
Sistemas de Información Geográfica
Geografisch informatiesysteem Геаінфармацыйныя сістэмы
"A system for collecting, storing, manipulating, analyzing, displaying and querying geographically referenced data."
From experts.................
“In the strictest sense, a GIS is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations. Practitioners also regard the total GIS as including operating personnel and the data that go into the system.” (USGS)
“A geographic information system (GIS) lets us visualize, question, analyze, and interpret data to understand relationships, patterns, and trends” (ESRI)
A system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth.(Chorley, 1987)
“A geographic information system is a special case of information systems where the database consists of observations on spatially distributed features, activities or events, which are definable in space as points, lines, or areas. A geographic information system manipulates data about these points, lines, and areas to retrieve data for ad hoc queries and analyses” (Kenneth Dueker, Portland State University, 1979).
"A geographic information system (GIS) is an information system that is designed to work with data referenced by spatial or geographic coordinates. In other words, a GIS is both a database system with specific capabilities for spatially-reference data, as well [as] a set of operations for working with data ."(Jeffrey Star and John Estes, in Geographic Information Systems: An Introduction)
"A Geographic Information System or GIS is a computer system that allows you to map, model, query, and analyze large quantities of data within a single database according to their location"(EPA's Web Archive)
"A GIS is an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information."(Understanding GIS: The ARC/INFO Method -Redlands, CA: Environmental System Research Institute, 1990)
"A Geographic Information System is a complex arrangement of associated or connected things or objects, whose purpose is to communicate knowledge about features on the surface of the earth"(ESRM 250, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems in Forest Resources)
"An information system that is designed to work with data referenced by spatial or geographic coordinates. In other words, a GIS is both a system with specific capabilities for spatially-referenced data, as well as a set of operations for working [analysis] with the data.(Star and Estes, 1990)"
"Remote Sensing is the science of acquiring, processing and interpreting images that record the interaction between electromagnetic energy and matter."(F.F. Sabins -Remote sensing: principles and interpretation)
"The term Remote Sensing means the sensing of the Earth's surface from space by making use of the properties of electromagnetic waves emitted, reflected or diffracted by the sensed objects, for the purpose of improving natural resources management, land use and the protection of the environment."( Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space, United Nations)
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"Making decisions based on geography is basic to human thinking. By understanding geography and people’s relationship to location, we can make informed decisions. A geographic information system (GIS) is a technological tool for comprehending geography and making intelligent decisions"-Agendra Kumar, President, ESRI India
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